------------------- Unix commands: ------------------- EOF: ^D Suspend: ^Z to complete partialcommands(beep if no match)(tcsh shell) Cursor keys to scroll through command history ls ls -a Lists all files and directories mkdir make directory cd directory change to a directory cd go to home dirctory cd .. parent pwd display current path cp file1 file2 copy file1 to file2 mv file1 file2 move or remane 1 to 2 rm file remove file rm directory cat file display file more file display a page at a time head file display first few lines of a file tail file display last few lines of a file grep 'keyword' file search file for keywords wc file count # of lines(-l)/words/characters in file command > file redirect standard output to file command >> file append stdout to a file command < file redirect standard input from file cat file1 file2 > file0 concatenate file1 and file2 to file0 sort sort data who list users logged in a2ps textfile psfile convert text file to postscript file lpr -Pprinter psfile print postscript file to named priinter * wildcard, match any # of characters ? match one character man command read online manual for a command man -k query searches man pages for keyword query whatis command brief description of command apropos keyword match commands with keyword in their man pages ls -lag list access rights for all files chmod [options] file change access rights for named file command & run command in background ^C kill foreground job ^Z suspend job in foreground bg background suspended job jobs list current jobs fg %1 foreground jobs number 1 kill %n kill job number n ps list current processes kill 26152 kills process number 26152 kill -9 number REALLY kills it quota -v displays disk quota df reports space left on file system du outputs number of kB used by each subdirectory compress reduces size of a file - file.Z file * classifies named files according to data they contain diff file1 file2 tells what changes need to be made for files 1 and 2 to match find pathname -name filename -print searches for filename in all subdirectories of pathname ln source linkname links cource ot linkname - no copy command1 | command2 | command3 vertical bar to pipeline commands alias aliasname definition defines aliasname as a command equivalent to definition alias displays values of aliases unalias name cancels an alias source .tcshrc reads init file and sets variables Edit .tcshrc and add alias line to alter environment at login, .tcshrc(shell) and .login(environment) and read as init files $PATH value of variable, not string setenv varname value sets environment variable to value(PRINTER, EDITOR, PAGER) set varname =value sets shell variable history displays command history Directories: /usr/pub/ascii list of ascii characters /dev/null non-existent output device /etc/motd message of the day /tmp temporary, cleared on every boot Manual Sections: 1 User commands 1M System administration commands 2 System calls 3 Library functions 4 file formats 5 Headers, tables and macros 7 Special files l Local commands(lowercase L ) Programs: emacs pine pico gcc netscape --------------------- HOPS Syntax: --------------------- spim - Open MIPS compiler load "" run "" reinit - reinitializes all registers in virtual processor ; THEN load, run. ? for list of commands pico - if DNE, creates. If exists, edits control - O - writeout(save file) Have 2 sessions - one for spim, one for pico(text editor) ----------------------------------------- Alphabetic command list: ----------------------------------------- a2ps textfile psfile convert text file to postscript file alias aliasname definition defines aliasname as a command equivalent to definition alias displays values of aliases apropos keyword match commands with keyword in their man pages bg background suspended job cat file display file cat file1 file2 > file0 concatenate file1 and file2 to file0 cd directory change to a directory cd go to home dirctory cd .. parent chmod [options] file change access rights for named file command > file redirect standard output to file command >> file append stdout to a file command < file redirect standard input from file compress file reduces size of a file - file.Z cp file1 file2 copy file1 to file2 diff file1 file2 tells what changes need to be made for files 1 and 2 to match df reports space left on file system du outputs number of kB used by each subdirectory fg %1 foreground jobs number 1 file * classifies named files according to data they contain find pathname -name filename -print searches for filename in all subdirectories of pathname grep 'keyword' file search file for keywords head file display first few lines of a file jobs list current jobs kill %n kill job number n kill 26152 kills process number 26152 kill -9 number REALLY kills it ln source linkname links cource ot linkname - no copy lpr -Pprinter psfile print postscript file to named priinter ls ls -a Lists all files and directories ls -lag list access rights for all files man command read online manual for a command man -k query searches man pages for keyword query mkdir make directory more file display a page at a time mv file1 file2 move or remane 1 to 2 ps list current processes pwd display current path quota -v displays disk quota rm file remove file rm directory sort sort data source .tcshrc reads init file and sets variables tail file display last few lines of a file unalias name cancels an alias wc file count # of lines(-l)/words/characters in file whatis command brief description of command who list users logged in